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Units and Measurements

1. International System of Units   Measurement It is the process of assigning a number to an attribute (or phenomenon) according to a rule or set of rules. Units A unit is the chosen standard of measurement of quantity, which has the same nature as the quantity. To express any physical quantity completely, we need the numerical value and the unit ( u ). Physical quantity = nu Fundamental Units: Units for fundamental or base quantities (length, mass and time) Derived Units: Units obtained from fundamental units Example: Unit of speed ( ms −1 ) Speed ∴ Unit of speed Systems of Units CGS System: Base units for length, mass and time in this system are centimeter, gram and second respectively. FPS System: Base units for length, mass and time in this system are foot, pound and second respectively. MKS System: Base units in this system are metre, kilogram and second. International System (SI) of Units: Based on seven base units; at present the internationally accepted sy
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Physical World

  1. Overview of Physics and Fundamental Forces in Nature: Etymological Meaning of Science Comes from the Latin verb Scientia , which means ‘to know’ Origin Science is as old as the human species. From the 16 th century onwards, great strides were made in science in Europe. Definition Science is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge about the surroundings by careful observations and experimentations over a period of time. Steps Involved in a Standard Scientific Method Systematic observation Controlled experiments Qualitative reasoning Quantitative reasoning Mathematical modelling Prediction Verification or falsification of theories Nature of Science Science is ever dynamic. There is no ‘final theory’ in science. Modifications can be made in the established scientific laws. Understanding Physics and Physical World Physics It is a branch of science. Etymological meaning: Comes from a Greek word meaning ‘nature’ Definition: Study o

Simple Equations (Vedic Mathematics)

Vedic Mathematics provides various concise methods to solve different types of equations − both linear and quadratic! These methods are extremely useful, especially in those cases, where the conventional methods take a lot of time. These methods are derived from the “ Sunyam Samyasamuccaye Sutra ” of Vedic Mathematics. Let us first consider the equation ( x + a ) ( x + b) = ( x + c ) ( x + d ), where ab = cd , i.e., where the product of the constant terms on the Left Hand Side equals that on the Right Hand Side. Watch the following video to understand how to solve such an equation. Solved Examples Example 1: Solve ( x + 14) ( x + 2) = ( x + 28) ( x + 1) Solution: Here, 14 × 2 = 28 × 1 = 28 ⇒ x = 0 Example 2: Solve ( x + 21) ( x + 3) = ( x + 9) ( x + 7) Solution: Here, 21 × 3 = 9 × 7 = 63 ⇒ x = 0 Summary: If, in the equation ( x + a ) ( x+ b ) = ( x + c ) ( x + d ), ab = cd , then the root of the equation will be x = 0. Let us now consider the equation

Square Roots and Cube Roots (Vedic Mathematics)

1. Square Root of a Number The method of finding the square root of a number is based on the application of “ Dvandvayoga ” or Duplex. Calculation of “ Dvandvayoga ” (Duplex) is very important in calculating the square root of any number. Watch the following video to understand the method of calculating the Duplex of a number. Solved Examples Example 1: Calculate the Duplex of 2852 Solution: Pair the digits of the number as shown below Example 2: Calculate the Duplex of 93242 Solution: Pair the digits of the number as shown below In order to calculate the square root of a number, the following points should be kept in mind: An exact square cannot end in 2, 3, 7, and 8. A perfect square ending in 1 must have either 1 or 9 (compliment of 1 from base 10) as the last digit of the square root. If a perfect square ends in 4, then the square root can only end in either 2 or 8 (complimentary to each other). If a perfect square ends in either 5 or 0, then its square r